The November 2005 issue of National Geographic had a great article about longevity. The talked about 3 different groups of people who tend to live longer than average: Sardinians, Okinawans and Seventh-day Adventists in California.
All three groups don’t smoke, place a high priority on family, are active and social and eat lots of fruits, vegetables and whole grains. The Sardinians also drink red wine and eat pecorino cheese. The Okinawans eat small portions, find purpose in their lives and keep friends. The Adventists eat nuts and beans, don’t drink alcohol or caffeine and eat only a little meat.
Pecorino cheese is apparently made from sheep’s milk and is high is omega-3 fatty acids. The only kind of pecorino I’ve been able to find around here though is romano, which is ok, and I’ve been using it on pasta and salads. I would like to find other types of pecorino cheese though. You can read more about pecorino cheese here: http://www.theworldwidegourmet.com/cheeses/italian/pecorino.htm
Pinot Noir is a red wine with really high levels of resveratrol. Resveratrol is an anti-fungal substance found on grape skins when grapes are attacked by fungi (botrytis is the particular fungus, from what I can tell). Resveratrol is an anti-oxidant that may slow the growth of several different types of cancer cells and is also believed to reduce ‘bad’ cholesterol and increase ‘good’ cholesterol.
The skin is left on the grapes when making red wine, so red wine is higher in resveratrol than white wine. Pinot Noir is really high in resveratrol because the grapes have thin skin and they grow in tight clusters that make them more susceptible to fungus problems. Pinot Noir made in the state of New York (especially the Finger Lakes region) has the highest level, but it can vary from year to year.
How the wine is processed also affects the amount of resveratrol in it. Some red wines are filtered to remove tannins but this also removes the resveratrol.
Apparently pinot noir is a difficult grape to grow and all the pinot noir wine I’ve been able to find is pretty expensive. Its unclear also whether or not the resveratrol stays stable for very long after the bottle has been open. Some places say it breaks down quickly, others say not if its kept cold and dark. Apparently resveratrol supplements do not stay stable however, that seems clear from what I’ve read.
More information about resveratrol can be found here: http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/phytochemicals/resveratrol/
It’s also unclear to me how much resveratrol is in grape juice and the varieties of red grapes found in most grocery store. But considering the price of pinot noir wine, it seems that most any resveratrol I get will be from grapes and grape juice!
CNN has a transcript on their site about the National Geographic story: http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0511/24/acd.01.html (scroll down a little to get to it).
A related interesting thing is this life expectancy calculator: http://livingto100.com/lifecalc.html?accept.php
In summary, I found the National Geographic article to be pretty interesting and I’d write more about it now but I have a bad headache - and no - its not from drinking red wine!